Washing agents are a large category with a wide variety of types, including inorganic cleaning and organic cleaning.The difference between organic cleaner and inorganic cleaner is simply speaking, organic cleaner is a cleaning agent made of carbon -containing compounds. Inorganic cleaning agents are cleaning agents made of carbon -free compounds, so they are inorganic.There are many classification methods of cleaning agents, and countries are different. We are usually divided into three categories: water system, semi -water, and non -water system cleaning agents.
What is the cleaning agent
Water -based cleaning agent
It is prepared by the surfactant (such as sodium alkyl, sodium alkyl, sodium fat sulfate) and various additives (such as sodium trimer phosphate), and auxiliary agent. When the surface of the washing object is scrubbed, it can reduce the aqueous solution of the aqueous solutionSurface tension, which improves the deduction effect.According to the appearance of the product, it is divided into solid detergent and liquid detergent.The production of solid detergents is the largest, and it is used to call laundry powder, including fine powder, granular and hollow granular.There are also paste detergents between the two, also known as laundry cream.All kinds of synthetic detergents have different production processes, of which solid detergents are the most complicated.Countries around the world generally produce hollow particles -shaped solid detergents. The high tower spray drying method is adopted. The main processes are sloppy preparation, dry spray, aging wind and packaging.The liquid detergent is easy to manufacture. Just send the surfactant, auxiliary agent and other additives, and the processing water to mix into the mixed machine.
Semi -water base cleaning agent
New cleaning agent products that are combined with fine granular weak alkaline adsorption of various additives are used as raw materials with natural interface active abrasive particles, with a variety of active agents and sterilizers, polishing agents, imported penetants, and unique light factors, etc.The high -tech preparation of environmental protection technology is a multifunctional, efficient comprehensive environmental protection cleaning and nursing product.It is a modern new type of polluting products. It has unique pollution effects and widely used. It has no side effects on human skin.The active abrasive granules contain unique cleaning agents in the abrasive granules with slightly soft friction when cleaning can quickly and thoroughly clear all kinds of severe stubborn dirt pollution.灰垢、重油污垢、水泥垢、填缝剂垢、金属划痕、 锈垢、胶粘质、茶渍、饮品渍、胶锤印、皮鞋划痕、顽固蜡渍、 铝痕、木痕、方Dirt such as grid marks, watermarks, shoe prints, ink marks, environmental protection, not damaging brick noodles, and not hurting hands.
Solvent cleaning agent
It consists of hydrocarbon solvents, halogen hydrocarbon solvents, alcohol solvents, ether solvents, ketone solvents, ester solvents, phenol solvents, mixed solvents.
Cleaning agent classification introduction
Washing agents can be divided into industrial cleaning agents and civilian cleaning agents according to their uses.
Industrial cleaning agents include oil -removing cleaner, waxing cleaner, liquid crystal cleaning agent, cold removal (normal temperature cleaning), rust -removing cleaner, aluminum acid removal and other varieties.
Civil cleaning agents include washing powder, hand -washing fluid, soap, detergent, omnipotent cleaning agent, etc.
The cleaning agent can be divided into water -based cleaning agents and organic solvents.
The water -based cleaning agent is the solvent, such as removing oil cleaning agent, detergent, laundry powder, etc.
Organic solvent cleaning agent solvents are organic solvents, such as vinyl chloride, acetone (nail water), Tiana water, oil water, white electric oil, etc.
Water base type
Water is the most important cleaning agent and has the role and status of any other cleaner.Ordinary water is easily obtained from nature, and water has strong solubility and dispersion.However, the surface tension of the water is large, and the surface active agent needs to be added in use to reduce the surface tension and increase the moisture of the surface.In general industrial cleaning, sour, alkali and water are more common. Some metals are cleaned with water to add rust prevention agents; in precision and ultra -precision industrial cleaning.Most of them require water into pure water.Usually measuring water purity by resistance.The semiconductor industry requires above 18MΩ/CM.The TN LCD production is 10MΩ/CM, and some industries have strict requirements for bacterial content.
In recent years, water dehydration in some areas in China has challenged water for cleaning water.Some cities have strictly prohibited to wash cars with ordinary water, and can only use recycled medium water or water -saving equipment for atomized water.In precision industry cleaning, the cost of preparing pure water is expensive.Washing must be heated and dried, adding a lot of rinsing stations.Large energy consumption, running costs are usually higher than solvent washing; in addition, a large number of wastewater containing chemical active agents and dirt in the past is directly discharged without treatment.Some also bring a very toxic heavy metal, which severely pollutes the environment and must increase sewage treatment facilities.
Semi -water base type
The semi -water base cleaning agent is also called a quasi -water base cleaning agent.Usually contains 5%of one 20%of water, which is generally not flammable, but the water content is not controlled properly when heating and cleaning, and it may produce a combustion phenomenon.The semi -water base cleaning is different from the solvent. Its cleaning principle is to remove and remove, not dissolved.In order to prevent the oily dirt that has been peeled and attached to the washed object, the cleaning solution should be continuously circulated and the oil -water separator should be increased.The cleaning effect of semi -water washing is usually very good, but the operating cost is high. The waste liquid cannot be recycled, reused, and the COD (chemical oxygen consumption) is high, and wastewater treatment needs to be performed.
Solvent type
The solvent type cleaning agent refers to an organic solvent that is insoluble in water.Non -water -cleaning agents used in precision industrial cleaning are organic solvents such as hydrocarbons (petroleum), chlorine hydrocarbons, fluorine hydrocarbons, bromine hydrocarbons, alcohol, silicon oil, and pyrinane.
The main indicators of the solvents include KB value (shell pine lipidol value), AP (aniline dot), SP solubility parameters), surface tension, density, viscosity, boiling point, flash point, exposure concentration and other parameters.The KB value is very high, that is, a solvent with strong solubility, not necessarily a good cleaning agent.
A good precision industrial cleaning agent must have the following conditions:
① The chemical performance is stable and it is not easy to react with the cleaned object;
② Little surface tension and viscosity, strong penetration power;
③ The boiling point is low, you can dry it yourself;
④ No flash point, not flammable;
⑤ The KB value should not be too high, avoid dissolving with the cleaned object;
⑥ low toxicity, safety use;
⑦ Non -ODS and low GWP values ??(global heating potential values), environmental protection.
If you do not consider the above 7.The best cleaning agent is CFC and TCA.它们的化学稳定性好，可以长期保存不变质;对绝大多数金属、塑料、漆均无作用，不会发生溶解现象，没有闪点，低毒，使用安全;表面张力小，渗透力强，Strong cleaning ability; low boiling point, fast evaporation speed, cleaning workpieces can be dried by itself, generally do not need to dry, so it is widely used in various industrial cleaning.But the only disadvantage is to destroy the ozone layer and are gradually disabled.
Although all countries in the world have developed a variety of alternatives, there is no alternative cleaning agent that can be comparable to CFC in the world. They all have such problems. The main replacement products that are using are::
Hydrocarbon
Pin -solvents containing only two elements of carbon and hydrogen, which are also called carbonized hydrogenidin or hydrocarbon solvents in Japan.Depending on the molecular structure, various products have been developed, and Japan has been widely used.The advantages of this type of cleaning agent are: non -ODS, strong cleaning power for oil pollution.Good permeability.Taste or slightly smelly, small toxicity.Waste liquid treatment is easy.Renewable use, cheap; the disadvantage is that there is a certain flammable and explosive, dry and slow, and the requirements for cleaning equipment are high.The ideal thing is that the vacuum cleaning method is used to reduce its surface tension, improve the ability to clean, and finally use vacuum drying.The equipment cost is high, the operation is more complicated, and the efficiency is relatively low.
溶 chlorine hydrocarbon solvent
The chlorine hydrocarbon cleaning agent used is mainly trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, and tetrachloma.This type of solvent is widely used in the field of cleaning, mainly with the following advantages and characteristics:
Very low ODP value (ozone consumption reduction value. Almost will not destroy the ozone layer; use unparalleledness under general conditions. No fire or explosion danger (dichloromethane may explode under strong light for a long time); processing metal processing on metal processing;Oil.Small, suitable for steam cleaning, can be dried by itself after cleaning; waste liquid can be separated by distillation and recycles; can be used in the same or similar cleaning process and equipment as CFC and TCA.High, the content in the air is generally below 50 ppm; some labor protection regulations have clearly restrictions on the use of it; some European countries restrict imports and use this type of chlorine -containing products.
溶 Blomonal hydrocarbon solvent
Last few years.In the United States, there are bromine cleaning agents in Japan.And in the electronics industry, aviation industry.The automotive industry and home appliances are used in large quantities.The main component of bromine cleaning agent is high -purity positive bromide (NPB).Its performance can be comparable to CFC-113 and TCA.The main technical parameters are almost the same as TCA. The moisturizing coefficient is better and has stronger cleaning capacity for metal parts.Without flashing points, it can be recycled repeatedly, and the operating cost is very low.Replacement of CFC and TCA, the craftsmanship is exactly the same, and there is almost no need to change the device.You only need to adjust the steaming temperature, and it is also called "the alternative to the Third World".The ODP of the bromine cleaning agent is 0.006, which is 11 days in the atmosphere, and there is almost no GWP value.There are also controversy on toxicity, and the UNEP has organized more than 5 years of experiments.The experimental results are very different from theoretical analysis.In the policy released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on March 27, 2002, it clearly accepts NPB as solvents for cleaning, qi mist and adhesive.However, because there is no exact data for its toxicity, the exposure concentration should be controlled in the air in use.
At the same time, in the field of compressors and electrical vacuum, alternative experiments have also been completed, especially through the compressor refrigerant and the phase -soluble experiments of lubricant oil, and began to use in batches in the compressor industry.The experiments organized by the Electric Vacuum Industry Association have also been completed, and the results can be fully met.The final report is being completed.
The HEP-2 project in China has officially approved by the United Nations multilateral funds. The State Administration of Environmental Protection is organizing relevant units to implement the project in the Inter-National Performance Environmental Industrial Park. At that time, HEP-2 will become the main alternative of Chinese ODS cleaning agents.
The washing agent plays the functions of chelating, corrosion, foaming, dissolving, stability, and anti -sinking accumulation in the system.
Fluorine cleaner who replaces CFC-11 3 mainly include HCFC (carbon chloride), HFC (hydrogen-containing hydrogen carbide fluoride), HFE (hydrogen fluorine), PFC (full fluoride), etc.Among them, HFC, HFE, and PFC itself do not have cleaning power and need to be combined with other compounds to use.This type of cleaning agent has a cleaning performance close to the CFC-113 and is stable.Low toxic.Not burning.Safe and reliable, but usually expensive.HCFC has a certain impact on the ozone layer. A large amount of HCFC-141B and HCFC-225 is used.It belongs to the transitional alternative and is eventually disabled; HFC and HFE cleaning agents are too stable.The life expectancy in the atmosphere is as high as thousands or even tens of thousands of years.It is a very powerful greenhouse gas.After the <; Kyoto Protocol>; After the official effect, it may also be restricted.
Natural organic matter (plant department)
There are many types of organic objects extracted from plants, and more mainly uses pine oil and lemon oil.Pine oil is a more representative plant -based hydrocarbon solvent.Existing in natural pine fat.Drive the pine fat, the distillation is pine oil, and the surplus of the solid is rosin.The main ingredients are lyricne, and its dissolution ability is between petroleum ether and benzene.The boiling point and burning point are high, and the safety is better.
Lemon oil is citrus.Grapefruit.A hydrocarbon solvents obtained from lemon fruit skin.The main chemical component is a monocular birin benne of milithene (methyl acrocyrhyl), and the component is complicated.The boiling point is 1 75.5-1 76 ° C. The physical properties are similar to the pine oil -saving. It has citrus (lemon) fruit fragrance.Lemon oil itself is insoluble in water.After adding an active agent, mix with the proportion of water.Its oil -removing decontamination ability is very strong.Applications in the United States are widely used.Including mechanical processing.Vehicle repair, oil and cleaning, cleaning the ballag road, and oil tank cleaning.Electronic components cleaning, etc.In particular, it comes from pure natural fruits and is found to be used as food additives by the US FDA.Do not worry about residues and proves that it has a bactericidal effect and is applied to food processing machinery.Cleaning of tableware.The cleaning of beer cans directly related to diet, and also has good application prospects in the field of civilian and family cleaning.
Citrus oil is very soluble to oil and fat. Filtering through cotton yarn can separate the oil pollution.reuse.Waste liquids can be degraded by biological, which will not cause pollution and low environmental protection costs.The disadvantage is that the ability to remove oil and dissolution is too strong.Direct contact with the skin will cause the skin to get rid of oil and dry; you cannot directly clean the paint objects and many plastic and rubber, which can easily cause paint to fall off and dissolve.Japan once used this type of solvents to melt disposable tableware boxes and packaging plastic, which is white garbage, which is very soluble.
Relevant Chinese units have begun research and application of plant -based cleaning agents.Since 1998, domestic companies have introduced citrus oil cleaning agents and related cleaning technologies from the United States, and developed and produced supporting professional cleaning equipment.It was promoted and applied in the fields of machinery processing.
Chemical preparations for industrial dirt cleaning should generally meet the technical requirements of the following.The cleaning agent used for different cleaning purposes and cleaning objects can focus on these requirements.
⑴ The speed of cleaning the dirt is fast, and the dirt is thorough.The cleaning agent has a strong response, decentralized or dissolved ability to clear the dirt, and can remove dirt more thoroughly within a limited construction period.
The damage to the cleaning object should have corresponding inhibitory measures to the corrosion of metals within the limit of production permits.
(3) The medicament used for cleaning is cheap and easy to get, and is based on domesticization; the cost of cleaning is low and does not cause too much resource consumption.
与 The cleaning agent is non -toxic or toxic or low toxic. The exhaust gas, waste liquid and waste residue generated by the gap should be processed to meet the requirements of relevant national regulations.
， The cleaning conditions are mild, and try not to rely on the reinforcement conditions of the attachment, such as the requirements for temperature, pressure, and mechanical energy.
清 The cleaning process does not leave insoluble objects on the surface disability on the surface of the cleaning object, does not produce new pollution, and does not form a new harm to the coverage of the follow -up process, and does not affect the quality of the product.
过 Foam and odors that affect the cleaning process and on -site hygiene.

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