Optical microscope is an optical instrument that uses optical principles to amplify the small objects that people cannot distinguish between peoples eyes to extract micro -structural information.There are many ways to classify the optical microscope. According to the type of receiver, it can be divided into visual visual, photography and TV microscopes, etc. According to observation objects can be divided into organisms and gold phase microscopes, etc.Placement, use method, adjustment method, etc.Lets learn about the relevant knowledge of optical microscope together.
Optical microscope classification method
There are many classification methods for optical microscopes. According to the number of eyepiece mirrors, it can be divided into three eyes, with both eyes and monolial microscopes.Biological and gold -phase microscopy, etc.; According to the principle of optics, it can be divided into polarizers, comparison of comparison of comparison of contrast and microscopic interference;Vision, photography and TV microscope.Common microscopes include two -eyed visual microscopy, golden scholarship microscope, polarized microscope, ultraviolet fluorescence microscope.
Optical microscope use process
1. Place the microscope on the desktop slightly left during the experiment. The mirror seat should be about 6-7 cm along the desktop.
2. Open the light source switch and adjust the light to the appropriate size.
3. Rotor mirror converter, so that the low -double lens is facing the light holes on the carrier.First adjust the lens to about 1 to 2cm from the loading table, then use the left eye to watch the inside of the eyepiece, and then adjust the height of the consecutive shot to maximize the pore diameter, so that the light is ejected into the glory into the lens barrel.Inside, at this time, there is a bright state in the field of vision.
4. Place the glass sheet to be observed on the carrier, so that the observed part of the glass is located in the center of the light hole, and then use the specimen to hold the slide.
5. Observe with a low -power mirror first (lens 10X, eyepiece 10X).Before observing, rotate the rushing handwheel first to raise the tablet, and the objective mirror gradually approaches the glass.It should be noted that the object mirror cannot be touched by the glass, so as to prevent the lens from crushing the glass.Then, the left eye is stared at the inside of the eyepiece, and the right eye should not be closed (to develop the habit of opening your eyes with a microscope for observation, so that you can use your right eye to look at the drawing while observing), and turn the rude scoring handwheel to make the rotten hand wheel so that to make the rockest wheel soThe stadium slowly decreases, and soon you can see the magnifying object of the material in the glass.
6. If the image seen in the field of view does not meet the experimental requirements (the image is deviated from the field of view), you can slowly adjust the mobilization handle.When adjusting, it should be noted that the direction of the glass movement is exactly the opposite of the direction of the object seemed to be seen in the field of vision.If the image is not very clear, you can adjust the micro -movement handwheel until the image image is clear.
7. Generally, a microscope with normal functions, low -power mirrors and high -power mirrors are basically burnt. When observing clearly with low -power mirrors, it is possible to see the image image when changing the high -power mirror, but the image image is not necessarily clear. You can rotate micro -movement.The focus hand wheel is adjusted.
8. After converting high -power mirrors and seeing the image image, you can adjust the size of the pore diameter or the height of the concentor to meet the requirements of the light (generally when the low -percent mirror is changed into a high -power mirror observation, the vision must be slightly changed slightly.Dark, so you need to adjust the light and weakness).
9. After observation, first remove the lens lens from the light hole, then adjust the pore diameter to the maximum, and then slowly drop the loading table, and check whether the parts are damaged (especially pay attention to check whether the objective mirror is dipped in the staining of the object mirror.Water is dipped in oil. If you dip the water or oil, use the lens paper). After the inspection is checked, you can install it.
Common faults and maintenance of microscope
1. Rough tone failure
The fault phenomenon is that when rotating the coarse screw, the lens barrel cannot rise and fall.The lifting of microscope simplification is achieved by the gear driven by the gear, and the gear is fixed on the rotation shaft of the coarse tone knob, and the tooth strip is fixed on the lens barrel.When rotating the thick -tone knob, the gear drives the lens barrel to raise and down.If the lens barrel cannot rise and fall, it means that the gear is not in line with the rack.The common cause of failure is that the tooth rod sleeve rotates with the rough rotation, that is, the two stop screws on the tooth rod cover do not fix the tooth rod cover on the tour tail rail.The repair method is to move the gear to the middle of the gap in the tooth rod, and let the gap in the tooth rod cover facing the rack, and then use a small screwdriver to sprint the two stop screws on the end surface of the tail orbit.If it is invalid, it means that the teeth strip is severely worn, and the lens barrel needs to be removed to spin the fixed screws up and down of the gradia, and use the racks to be used upside down, because the rack wear mainly occurs on the upper part of the rack.Or cut a metal thin piece according to the width of the rack, let the metal thin slices inlaid on the shift, and fix the thin slices and racks on the lens barrel with a fixed screw, and insert the lens barrel for debugging.If you feel that there is a loose condition, you can replace the thickness of the metal slice until it is appropriate.Or buy new shots from the manufacturer according to the original model.
Second, the lens barrel declines by itself
The fault phenomenon is that when the focal length is aligned, the hand pine is accurate, and the mirror will decline by itself, resulting in inaccurate focal length.In the coarse mirrors, the looseness of the gear shaft is generally controlled by the friction between the tooth rod sleeve and the thick -tone knob.This coarse -tone button is obtained by pressing two plastic cushions on the end surface of the tooth rod.The tighter the end surface of the grain or the end surface of the tooth rod, the greater the friction.The reason for the decline of the lens barrel is due to the long time of the padding, the wear and deformation of the wear, which causes the friction between the gear shaft and the tooth rod sleeve.Caused by the torque.The repair method is to hold a thick -tone knob on each side with both hands, which are tightened by tightening the thick tuning knob in a clockwise direction.If it is invalid, thickened the pads need to be thickened.用尖嘴钳插入任一粗调旋钮端面的双眼螺母内，将其旋出，取下粗调旋钮，取出塑料垫圈，用青壳纸或薄塑料片剪一个直径相同的垫圈，夹在原垫圈与Between the thick -tone knobs, reinstall it. If the rotating thick -tone knob is very laborious, it means that the pads are too thick, and you should change to a thin pad. In shortFollowing the decline.
Third, the optical collector cannot be positioned or stuck
There are two common gathers: one is a disc or light bar, which has a round hole of varying sizes in the disc.This kind of light bar depends on the positioning spring and the drip beads under the tablet to locate the positioning hole of the disc.When the roller is lost or the spring fails, the light may not be positioned.The repair method is to replace the ball or spring.Now some manufacturers have changed the positioning method of relying on spring and roller to rely on bomb positioning. This structure is more firm and it is not easy to damage.The other is a rainbow -like light.As long as the handle on the sliding right is used, the size of the aperture can be changed arbitrarily.Its common failure is the small steel column on the shading film falling off, causing the handle to be stuck, and the aperture cannot be changed.The repair method is to loosen the two fixed screws on the light bar with a small screwdriver, remove the shading sheet, and re -put the shed small copper column on the shading film, and use 502 glue to lush the small copper column to prevent it from falling off.Pay attention when installing, the direction of the two small copper pillars on each shelter is the opposite.Or find a small section of thickness and the pores on this light film with a tight copper guide line to make small copper columns, and then use the bottom plate of the light bar (a round board with twelve small holes) to facing up.The small copper columns of the shades ~ end are inserted into the small hole of the bottom plate, and arranged neatly in the direction of the backpage.Then let the sliding slide on the sliding board set on the small copper column at the other end of the above -mentioned shading tablet, cover the cover, and tighten the three fixed screws.The column can still be used normally, and more than two pieces of breaks should be purchased and replaced from the manufacturer.
Fourth, tilt joints are too loose
The tilt joint refers to the activity joints at the connection between the mirror arm and the mirror column. When using a microscope, the mirror arm is often tilted backwards to facilitate observation angle. After the period of use, the tilt joint may be loose, resulting in the mirror arm cannot be tilted at will.The repair method is that the pointed clamps are inserted into the two double eye nuts that are inserted into the tilt joint surface, and rotate clockwise until the mirror arm is tightly tight.If it is invalid, it may be the rubbing ring of the mirror arm and the two ends of the mirror column. Thickening the pads need to be thickened. Use a sharp mouth to spin the screw of the double eye, remove the rotating shaft, cut a blue shell paper or thin plastic sheet with the same diameter with the same diameter diameter with the same diameter diameter.Kuitu thickened the original cushion circle and reassed again.
Fifth, the pink of the reflector is too loose or too tight in the socket
There are two common types of reflective mirror plug -in structures: one is to open a slot on the foot, rely on the width of the slot to adjust the loose and loose foot in the socket in the socket, you can insert it in the slot of the inserted foot with a word screwdriver., Increase the opening of the groove, so that the inserted pinch in the socket is tightly appropriate.Conversely, when the foot is too tight, the opening of the slot on the foot can be used to collect the opening of the slot.The other is to rely on the tight screw to adjust the tightness of the tooth in the socket. When the pin is loosened in the socket, the screw knife can be tightened to stop the screw.If you insert your foot tightly in the socket, when the reflector is rotated, it is easy to twist the pinch, and you can use a screwdriver to loosen the tight screw.

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