Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a sticky, dark brown liquid.There are petroleum storage in part of the top of the crust.The main ingredients are mixtures of various alkanes, cyclocarns, and aromatic hydrocarbons.Petroleum -based oil machines have two doctrines: biological deposition oil and petrochemical oil. The former is widely accepted. It is believed that oil is formed by the long evolution of the ancient ocean or lakes.It is the carbon generation in the crust itself, which has nothing to do with the creature and is renewable.Petroleum is mainly used as fuel and gasoline, and it is also a raw material for many chemical industrial products such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides and plastic.Let me introduce it in detail below!
What are the use of petroleum asphalt
1. There are many road oil asphalt. It is mainly used for projects such as road pavement or workshop ground. Generally, it is mixed with asphalt concrete, asphalt mixing materials or asphalt mortar.Petroleum asphalt can also be used as sealing materials, adhesives and asphalt coatings.At this time, it is advisable to use road oil asphalt with large viscosity and softening points, such as 60 A.
2. Building petroleum asphalt has a large viscosity and good thermal resistance, but it is less plastic. It is mainly used as a manufacture of linker, oil paper, waterproof coatings and asphalt.Most of them are used in roofs and underground waterproof, grooves, waterproof, anti -corrosion and pipeline anticorrosion.For roof waterproof projects, pay attention to prevent excessive softening.According to the high temperature season test, the surface temperature reached by asphalt roof is 25 ℃ ～ 30 ℃ higher than the local highest temperature. To avoid flowing in summer, the softening point of asphalt materials on the roof should be above 20 ° C.For example, the temperature of the asphalt roof in a certain area can reach 65 ° C, and the selected asphalt softening point should be above 85 ° C.However, the softening point should not be too high, otherwise the low temperature in winter is prone to hard and brittle or even cracking on some parts that are not easy to be affected by temperature.
3. Waterproof and moisture -proof petroleum asphalt has good temperature stability. It is particularly suitable for coating materials for oily mesecuts and bonding materials for building roofs and groundwaterproofing.Among them, No. 3 asphalt has average sensitivity and soft texture. It is used for waterproof in the indoor and underground structure of the indoor and underground structure.No. 4 asphalt has less sensitivity and is used for mitigating roofs that can be walked in general areas and waterproof.No. 5 asphalt has a small temperature sensitivity and is used for roof waterproof in general areas to expose roofs or temperatures in high temperatures.No. 6 asphalt has the least sensitivity and soft texture. Except for general areas, it is mainly used for roofs and other waterproof moisture -proof projects in cold areas.
4. Ordinary petroleum asphalt contains more wax, and its general content is 5%large, and more than 20%(referred to as multi -waxed oil asphalt), so the temperature sensitivity is high. ThereforeType oil asphalt mixing.
What are the uses for oil
Petroleum products can be divided into 6 categories: petroleum fuel, petroleum solvent and chemical raw materials, lubricants, paraffin, petroleum asphalt, petroleum coke, etc.Among them, the production of various fuels is the largest, accounting for about 90%of the total output; the variety of various lubricants is the largest, and the output accounts for about 5%.All countries have formulated product standards to meet the needs of production and use.
Gasoline is the most consumed variety.The boiling point range of gasoline (also known as the distillation range) is 30 ~ 205 ° C, and the density is 0.70 ~ 0.78 grams/cm 3.The alkane value 70, 80, 90 or higher.No. Yu Da, performance Yu is good, gasoline is mainly used as a fuel for cars, motorcycles, speedboats, helicopters, agricultural and forestry aircraft.There are additives (such as anti -explosives) to improve the use and storage performance in the addition of additives (such as anti -explosives) to improve use and storage.In the future, the content of aromatics and lead will be restricted in the future.
Jet fuel is mainly used for jet aircraft.The boiling point range is 60 ~ 280 ° C or 150 ~ 315 ° C (commonly known as aviation gasoline).In order to meet the needs of high-altitude and low temperature and high-speed flight, this type of oil requires large heat, and solid crystals have not appeared in -50C.The range of kerosene boiling point is 180 ~ 310 ° C for maintenance and cooking.The flame is required to be smooth and shiny without having black smoke.The current output is not large.
There are two types of diesel boiling points: 180 ~ 370 ° C and 350 ~ 410 ° C.For oil and its processing products, it is used to be lightly called light in boiling or boiling points, and on the contrary, it becomes heavy.Therefore, the above former is called light diesel, and the latter is called heavy diesel.Commodity diesel is graded according to solidification points, such as 10, -20, etc., indicating low use temperature, and diesel is widely used in large vehicles and ships.Because high -speed diesel engines (automobiles) saves fuel oil than gasoline engines, diesel demand is greater than gasoline, and some small cars also use diesel.The quality requirements for diesel are good combustion performance and liquidity.The hexane is used to indicate the higher the combustion performance.The value of light diesel for high -speed diesel engine is 42 ~ 55, and the low -speed ones are below 35.
Fuel oil is used as a fuel for boilers, ships and industrial stoves.Different plates are distinguished by the viscosity of commodity fuel oil.
Petroleum solvents are used for fragrance, fat, reagents, rubber processing, coating industry for solvents, or cleaning instruments, instruments, and mechanical parts.
Lubricating oil from oil -made from oil accounted for more than 95%of the output of total lubricants.In addition to lubricating performance, it also has the effects of cooling, sealing, anticorrosive, insulation, cleaning, and transmission of energy.The largest output is internal combustion engine oil (40%), and the rest are gear oil, hydraulic oil, turbine oil, electrical insulating oil, and compressor oil, totaling 40%.Commodity lubricating oil is graded according to viscosity, high load, and low -speed mechanical high -viscosity oil, otherwise low viscosity oil.The refining device produces the basic oil made of various refined processes, plus a variety of additives, so it has special functions and high added output value.
What is the process of petroleum drilling
Petroleum drilling is a systematic engineering that requires multi -disciplinary, multi -professional, and multi -field binding to achieve it.
The general step is:
1. The three -dimensional earthquake census was conducted by geologists based on the local deposition status analysis. The purpose was to discover the closure structure that might have raw oil.
2. Based on the results of the three -dimensional seismic analysis and the theoretical analysis of the sedimentation, the underground may have a closed structure of the oil and gas ring, and the drilling machine explores the well.
3. If there is a display of oil and gas when playing wells, it will expand the scope of the well to find industrial oil and gas flow.
4. After discovering industrial oil and gas flow, a large number of production wells.
5. After the production well is launched, the oil construction company will build the ground pipeline, and the oil and gas treatment station (generally called the joint station).
6. Install the oil pumping machine, build a measuring station, and implement the operation of the oil well, and then perform oil collection production.The produced oil is treated with "three off", that is, dehydration, offing, and desulfurization.
The processing of pure oil is delivered to the refinery to smell and produces various refined oils.Natural gas is directly sold as fuel.The average oil well depth is about 1500 meters, and there are deep and shallow ones.The deep well can reach more than 3000 meters, and the shallow well is only more than 200 meters.For example, the oil well in Henan Oilfield is about 250 meters to 1500 meters.
The above is the general step of oil mining. Of course, the actual situation is much more complicated than this.

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