The tunnel is in the rock (soil) layer or mine, and the work of various shapes, sections or crisscross wells, lanes, and crickets is excavated.The procedures for excavation are divided into main processes and auxiliary processes.The main process is to complete the process of ensuring the progress of the working surface directly on the working surface, and the support operations carried out in the lane -track digging areas.Let me introduce it in detail below!
How is the comprehensive mechanization excavation and what are the characteristics?
The comprehensive excavation method is a advanced lane -away digging technology that has been developed rapidly in the past 20 to 30 years. The key equipment is the excavation. It is mainly cantilever excavators and a knife tray excavator.Large -scale high -efficiency combined work machinery and equipment, which is integrated, continuous excavation is its main feature, called the third type of work line of the Yantai excavation.In recent years, excavations have gradually been promoted in the digging of my countrys coal mine lanes, and have accumulated some experience and received certain results.In particular, the development of comprehensive mechanized coal mining has greatly accelerated the speed of excavation.Most ores use excavations and achieve better economic benefits.According to statistics, there are currently more than 200 types of excavations used in ores across the country, which has played a positive role in increasing the excavation ruler.The roadway excavators are the direction of the development of roadway excavation technology.
Compared with the drill explosion method, the following characteristics:
1. Continuous excavation, the process is not intermittent.
2. The surrounding rock is not damaged, and the section of the section is regular, thereby increasing the support ability of the rock layer and the stability of the lane roads, which is conducive to the use of light brackets and increase
The shed distance is more conducive to spraying concrete as a stand.
3. There is no blasting vibration and smoke, which improves the operating environment.
4. Safety construction.
5. It can greatly increase the speed of excavation. The average daily ruler is above 10m. Generally, the monthly excavation ruler can reach more than 200m.
How does the digging method operate?
The method of drilling, using medicine, and explosive excavation of rocks, referred to as drilling method.This method has developed from the early manual handlebar, hammering, and the use of fire tubes to detonate a single medicine bag one by one to the use of rock -cutting trimmed trolley or multi -arm drilling cars.Blasting technology.Before construction, the excavation method should be selected according to geological conditions, section size, support method, construction requirements, and construction equipment, technology and other conditions.
1. Digging in the whole section, the entire excavation section explosion, excavation formed, and comprehensively advanced.When the height of the tunnel is large, it can also be divided into two parts, upper and lower parts, forming steps, blasting simultaneously, and digging in parallel.When geological conditions and construction conditions permit, the full break is used to dig out the method.
2. Guide Cave method, first excavate a part of the section as a guide hole, and then expand the entire section of the excavation tunnel one by one.This is a large cross section on the tunnel. Due to geological conditions or construction conditions, it is a construction method based on small and medium -sized machinery when it is difficult to excavate a full break.The cross section of the guide cave should not be too large to adapt to the safety of loading mechanical installations, transportation of vehicles, installation and construction of Feng Shui Pipe Road.The guide hole can increase the free surface of excavation and explosion, which is conducive to the geology and hydrogeological conditions of the tunnel, and create conditions for ventilation and drainage in the cave.According to geological conditions, groundwater conditions, tunnel lengths and construction conditions, the lower -guidance holes, upper -conductive holes or central guide holes are determined.After excavation of the guide hole, the expansion can be performed after the full length of the guide hole is performed, and it can also be excavated in parallel with the guide hole.
3. The excavation method of the division is poor in the stability of the surrounding rock. Generally, when the support is required, when the tunnel of the large section is excavated, you can first excavate a part of the section, take the support in time, and then expand it one by one.dig.The tunnel of the tunnel is excavated with a drilling method. Usually starting from the first sequence of drilling, it goes through the process of installing medicine, blasting, ventilation, smoke, and pupae to start the second -order drilling hole as a tunnel excavation operation cycle.Try to try to compress the operating cycle time to speed up the excavation speed.In the 1980s, some countries adopted a tunnel with an excavated area of ??about 100 square meters in the middle hard rock. The an average of about 200m per month was about 200m per month.China Lubus Hydropower Station project, excavated water diversion tunnel with a diameter of 8.8m, the average monthly feet in a single working surface reached 231m, and the maximum monthly feet reached 373.7m.
What are the excavation processes
The procedures for excavation are divided into main processes and auxiliary processes.The main process is to complete the process of ensuring the progress of the working surface directly on the working surface, and the support operations carried out in the lane -track digging areas.
The main process depends on the nature of the rock through the roadway.When digging into hard rocks, the main processes include drilling, pretending to be, artillery, ventilation, and working surface safety inspections, rock installation, and lane lane support; the basic processes of excavated soft rocks are: excavation of rocks, rocks, and support.If you use Feng Ho and combined machines to excavate, excavation operations have the characteristics of continuous operations.The main procedures can be completed in sequence in strict procedures, or it can be carried out at the same time (the eye and rock installation part, the drilling eye and the support is completely parallel).
The auxiliary process is a process that ensures the normal process of the main process. It includes the work of vehicles, ventilation, drainage, temporary brackets, working surface rail paving, lighting, laid -to -air cylinder and cables.In most cases, it is performed at the same time as the main process, instead of occupying the excavation cycle.

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