Copper is both an ancient metal and a modern engineering material full of vitality and vitality.At present, human beings have entered the colorful, and highly civilized society, characterized by electrification and electronic information, opened a broader land for the application of copper.Copper has been used in the form of a wide variety of metals, alloys, and compounds. The industry has deeply infiltrated all aspects of production and life, and has become an indispensable and important metal that has a rapid development of humans and rapid development in the 21st century.So what are the applications in the building? What is the development trend?
Application of copper in architecture
1. Pipeline system
Because the steel water pipe has many advantages such as beautiful durability, convenient installation, safety fire prevention, and health care, it has a significant superior price performance ratio compared with galvanized steel pipes and plastic pipes.In residential and public buildings, it is used for water supply, heating, gas supply, and fire protection spraying systems. It is increasingly favored by people and has become the current preferred material.In developed countries, the copper water supply system accounts for a large proportion.The Manhattan Building, which is known as the sixth high -rise building in the world in New York, USA, with only one water supply system, and uses a copper pipe of 60,000 feet (L km).In Europe, drinking water tubes consume a lot.The average consumption of steel pipes in British drinking water is 1.6 kg per person per year, and Japan is 0.2 kg.Because galvanized steel pipes are easy to rust, many countries have explicitly disabled.Hong Kong was prohibited from being used as early as January 1996, and Shanghai was also implemented in May 1998.It is imperative to promote the use of copper pipeline systems in housing construction.
2. House decoration
It has traditionally used steel plates to make roofs and leaky eaves in Europe.Nordic countries are even decorated with wall.Copper resistance has good corrosion performance, durable, and can be recycled. It has good processing to make it easy to make a complex shape, and it also has a beautiful color; it is very suitable for house decoration.It has a long history on the application of ancient buildings such as churches, and has still produced attractive glory; and more and more applications in modern large buildings and even apartments and houses.For example: In London, the British Federal Committee building represents modern British architectural art. The roof shape is complicated and built with steel plates, weighing about 25 tons;EssenceAccording to statistics, the copper plate of the roof is consumed by an average of 0.8 kg per person per year in Germany, and the United States is 0.2 kg.In addition, the decoration inside the house, such as: door handles, locks, hundred pages, pages, columns, lamps, wall decorations and kitchen tackle, etc., using steel products not only durable, disinfected and hygienic, but also decorate an elegant atmosphere, which is deeply affected by people.favorite.
3. Natural attributes of copper
Copper is one of the earliest ancient metals discovered by humans. As early as 3,000 years ago, humans started using copper.Copper in nature is divided into natural copper, copper oxide and copper sulfide.Natural copper and copper oxide reserves are small. Nowadays, more than 80%of copper in the world is refined from copper sulfide ore. This ore contains extremely low copper volume and is generally about 2-3%.Metal copper, element symbol CU, atomic volume 63.54, 8.92, melting point 1083CO.Pure copper is light rose or light red.Copper has many valuable physical and chemical properties, such as high thermal conductivity and conductivity, with strong chemical stability, high resistance to tension, easy to melt, with resistance, plasticity, and ductility.Pure copper can be pulled into a fine copper wire, making a thin copper foil.It can form alloys with metals such as zinc, tin, lead, manganese, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron and other metals. The alloy formed is mainly divided into three categories: brass is copper -zinc alloy, bronze is copper tin alloy, and white copper is copper cobalt nickel alloy.The development of copper metallurgical technology has gone through a long process, but so far, the smelting of copper is still mainly smelting fire method. Its output accounts for about 85%of the worlds total copper output.With 20%of the total output, the launch of wet smelting has greatly reduced the smelting cost of copper.
Copper development trend
1. International copper consumption still maintains a certain growth rate, but the increase has fallen
Since the 1990s.There are two types of countries that play a large role in the growth of international copper consumption.One is developed countries in North America and Europe, such as the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Japan and other countries.The other is developing countries in Asia and South America, underdeveloped countries and regions, such as China, India, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil, Chile and other countries.The two types of Xiao Fei ratio are roughly half of each country.From the perspective of future development trends, the first type of national copper consumption has basically stabilized, and the growth of copper consumption is low, generally between 1%and 3%.The second type of national economic development potential is great, and the consumption of copper may maintain a rapid growth rate.In particular, China, India, and Russia have increased rapidly in copper consumption in the past two years, with the increase in costs above 6%to 10%.It is expected that the growth of the worlds copper consumption in the near future may slow down, but the long -term growth trend of the international market will not change.
2. The development of international copper mines has increased, but the supply in the short term is still tight
In the context of the rapid rise in international copper prices and the continued tight supply of mineral resources, the prices of copper sedthroughs have risen all the way. While the profits of mining companies have risen sharply, it has also stimulated the development of resources to increase resource development and promotes the rapid improvement of production capacity.It is expected that the global ore output will increase by more than 5.5%in 2007, and the amount of metal is about 16.5 million tons.Among them, my countrys copper concentrate contains 830,000 tons (fast reporting), an increase of 9.97%year -on -year, accounting for about 5%of the global total output.According to statistics from CRU, the development of copper ore resources in recent years is mainly concentrated in South America, and the main countries are Chile and Peru.The Copper Mine Resources Development Project in Asia has also become a rapid growth trend. The main countries are China, India, Outer Mongolia and other countries. It is expected that most of the worlds new production capacity will be put into operation.The amount of copper -produced metal is about 17.82 million tons.However, we believe that although the supply is still growing rapidly, it is not enough to reverse the shortage of copper concentrate supply in the short term.Any major emergencies affecting copper ore production will lead to shortage of concentrate supply.As a result, the global copper essence supply and demand situation is still not optimistic in the past two years.In terms of domestic, although domestic mining companies have increased their investment, they are far from meeting domestic demand. It is expected that the import volume of copper concentrates in my country in 2008 will continue to maintain a certain increase.
3. The fluctuation of international copper prices in the near future is relatively large
In the past few years, copper has shown two attributes, one is the attribute of the product and the other is financial attributes.The copper as a commodity has been in a tight supply in the past few years, and the price of copper has naturally maintained a trend.The high returns brought by the rise in copper prices undoubtedly attracted more funds to intervene. These funds regarded copper as part of the investment portfolio. Investment copper can increase the risk of income and avoid inflation.Attributes.After entering 2003, the copper price began to enter the rising channel. The average annual price rose from $ 1579 in 2003 to $ 6,665/ton in 2006, an increase of 322. Among them, on May 11, 2006, the price of copper reached 8,800 USD.At the historical high of/ton, the financial attributes of copper have been exaggerated to the extreme. At the same time, they also bid farewell to the era of $ 3,000/ton, and entered the era of high copper prices.After that, under factors such as strike, wind, fund, inventory, US secondary debt storms, and Chinese demand, copper prices have begun to fluctuate widely, and the fluctuation range is between 5500 and 8,500 US dollars.From the current situation, although the economic situation in the United States and some developed countries is not optimistic in the near future, it has a certain inhibitory effect on copper prices, but low inventory and strong expectations for Chinese copper demand are still the main factor in supporting copper prices.Therefore, it is expected that the price of copper will still be at a higher price and fluctuate widely in the near future.
4. The pace of joint reorganization of large international copper companies has accelerated. Monopoly of mineral resources is increasing
The wave of economic globalization affects all fields, and the copper industry is no exception. In order to adapt to market competition, the pace of joint reorganization of large -scale copper companies abroad has accelerated, and the concentration of industries has also increased.The broadening of scope has become a trend, so we constantly see acquisitions, mergers, and union, so as to form a larger multinational company (mostly for the selection and smelting joint enterprises) to achieve large -scale operations and expand market share.

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