Microscope refers to a tool that enlarges the images of small invisible or difficult items, and can be observed by the naked eye or other imaging instruments.The microscope of the daily term polyphonic optical microscope.The magnifying rate and clearing are important factor in microscope.Other main microscope types are electronic microscopes, ultra -display microscopes, and various types of scanning probes.Then the following is the microscope knowledge encyclopedia, lets take a look together.
Introduction to microscope
Microscope was founded by the Dutch Father and Son in the Netherlands in 1590.There are many types of microscope.The most common (and the first invented) is the optical microscope, which uses the light image of the sample.Other main microscope types are electronic microscope (transmitted electron microscope, X -ray microscope, scanning electron microscope), ultra -display microscope, and various types of scanning probe microscopes.
In 1953, Friez Celnick won the Nobel Prize in Physics because of confirmation of the contrast method.
In 1986, El Ruscin developed the first perspective electronic microscope and won the Nobel Prize in Physics.Gilder Binning and Heinrich Rorire won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of scanning tunnel microscope
In 2017, Jacques Dubicker, Johmm Frank, and Richard Henderson won the Nobel Prize in the low -temperature electron microscope determined by the development of high -resolution structures used in the solution.
The structure and role of the microscope
1. Eye mirror: magnifying objects, 5X, 10X, 40X, and so on.
2, lens barrel: connect to eyepiece and object mirror.
3. Converter: The connection of object mirrors is used to convert object mirrors.
4, object mirror: magnifying object, generally three, amplification multiple is generally 4X, 10X, 40X.
5. Putting table: Place the glass specimen, and there is a crusher clip on it.
6. Passing holes: Through light.
7, shading device: adjust the strong light and weakness.
8. Pressing clip: fixed glass specimen.
9. Rough accurate screw: Focus distance, use low -power mirror when viewing, high -power mirror cannot be used.
10. Reflix mirror: Make the light into the lens barrel (now the microscope generally does not have this structure, it has a power supply, which is more convenient).
11. Fine focus screw: focus distance, use high -power mirror observation.
12. Mirror arm: connect the mirror seat and the mirror body, hold the mirror body, and usually hold the mirror arm in the right hand when used.
13. Mirror pillar: Support the mirror body.
Microscopy classification
Microscopes can be classified as polarized microscope, optical microscope and electron microscope and digital microscopy in a microscopic principle.
1. Optical microscope: Generally consisting of optical parts, lighting parts, and mechanical parts.There is no doubt that the optical part is the most critical. It consists of eyepiece and objective mirror.There are many types of optical microscopes, mainly in the main visual field microscope (ordinary optical microscope), dark vision wild microscope, fluorescent microscope, differential microscope, laser scanning co -focused microscope, polarized microscope, microscopic microscopy, inverted microscope.
2. Electronic microscope: Electronic microscope is much higher than optical microscope to enlarge and distinguish objects. It uses electronic flow as a new light source to make objects imaging.The types of electron microscope include transmitted electron microscope, X -ray microscope, and scanning electron microscope.Commonly used observations of biology, medicine and tiny particles.
3. Polarized microscope: Any substance with dual refraction can be distinguished clearly under polarizing microscope. Of course, these substances can also be observed with a dyeing method, but some are not available, and polarizer must be used.Polarized microscope is mainly used to observe objects with single -refractive or dual discounts such as LCD and fiber.
4. Digital microscope: Digital microscopy is a high -tech product that successfully develops the elite optical microscope technology, advanced photoelectric conversion technology, and LCD screen technology to develop and develop successfully developed and developed.As a result, we can study the micro -field from the traditional ordinary eyes to the reproduction of the display through the display, thereby improving work efficiency.

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