CNC machine tools are the abbreviation of digital control machine tools and are automated machine tools equipped with program control systems.CNC machine tools solve the problems of complex, precise, small, and multi -varieties. It is a flexible and efficient automated machine tool. It represents the development direction of modern machine tool control technology.Products.So, what is the structure of the CNC machine tool? What are the characteristics of CNC machine tools? This article will briefly introduce it.
Introduction to CNC machine tools
CNC machine tools are the abbreviations of the Computer Numerical Control Machine Tools, which is an automated machine tool equipped with a program control system.The control system can logically handle programs with control codes or other symbols, and use the codeized figures to indicate the number of controls in the data carrier.After the calculation processing, various control signals are issued by the CNC device to control the movement of the machine tool. The parts are automatically processed by the shape and size according to the shape and size of the drawings.
CNC machine tools solve the problems of complex, precise, small, and multi -varieties. It is a flexible and efficient automated machine tool. It represents the development direction of modern machine tool control technology.Products.
What is the structure of the CNC machine tool
The basic composition of CNC machine tools includes processing program vector, CNC device, servo driver, machine tool subject and other auxiliary devices.The basic working principles of each component are explained below.
1. Process program carrier
When working on CNC machine tools, no workers do not need to operate the machine tool directly. They must control the CNC machine tools. Machining procedures must be prepared.In the parts processing program, including the relative motion trajectory, process parameters of the tools and workpieces on the machine tool, and the auxiliary motion of the aids of the feed).The part processing program is stored on a program carrier with a certain format and code, such as perforated paper belts, box tapes, soft disks, etc., and input the program information through the input device of the CNC machine tools to the CNC unit.
2. CNC device
CNC device is the core of CNC machine tools.Modern CNC devices use CNC forms. This CNC device generally uses multiple microprocessors to implement CNC functions in a programmatic software. Therefore, it is also called software CNC.The CNC system is a position control system. It is based on the input data interpolation to output the ideal motion trajectory, and then outputs the parts required for processing components.Therefore, the CNC device is mainly composed of three basic parts: input, processing and output.And all these tasks are reasonably organized by the computers system program, so that the entire system is coordinated.
3. Servo and measurement feedback system
The servo system is an important part of the CNC machine tool, which is used to realize the feed servo control and the spindle servo control of CNC machine tools.The role of the servo system is to transform the instruction information from the CNC device. After being enlarged and plastic, it is converted into a linear displacement or corner displacement motion of the machine tool execution component.Since the servo system is the final link of CNC machine tools, its performance will directly affect the technical indicators such as the accuracy and speed of CNC machine tools. Therefore, the servo driver of the CNC machine tool requires good and fast response performance, accurately and sensitively track the CNC deviceThe digital instruction signal is issued, and the instructions from the CNC device can be faithfully executed to improve the dynamic follow -up characteristics and static tracking accuracy of the system.
4. The main body of the machine tool
The machine tool is the main body of CNC machine tools.It includes machinery, base, columns, beams, slides, workbenches, spindle boxes, feed mechanisms, knife racks and automatic knife -changing devices.It is the mechanical part of various cutting processing on CNC machine tools.
5. CNC machine tool auxiliary device
The auxiliary device is a supporting device necessary to ensure the full use of the function of CNC machine tools. The commonly used auxiliary devices include: pneumatic, hydraulic device, crumb device, cooling, lubricating device, rotary workbench and CNC division head, protection, lighting and other various typesassisting equipments.
What are the characteristics of CNC machine tools
1. The adaptability of the processing object is strong, the characteristics of single -piece production such as molds such as molds, and provide a suitable processing method for the manufacturing of the mold;
2. High processing accuracy and stable processing quality;
3. Multi -coordinate linkage can be performed to process parts with complex shapes;
4. When changing processing parts, you only need to change the CNC program, which can save the preparation time of production;
5. High accuracy and rigidity of the machine tool itself, can choose favorable processing, high productivity (generally 3 ~ 5 times that of ordinary machine tools);
6. High degree of automation of machine tools can reduce labor intensity;
7. It is conducive to modernization of production management.CNC machine tools use digital information and standard code to process and transmit information, and use computer control methods to lay the foundation for computer -aided design, manufacturing and management integration;
8. High quality requirements for operators and higher technical requirements for maintenance personnel;
9. High reliability.

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