my countrys printing machinery industry starts late, and my country has always been based on lead printing technology. The real modern printing machinery manufacturing industry starts in the early stages of reform and opening up and belongs to a emerging industry in China.However, since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of the printing industry has driven the demand for printing machinery, and my countrys printing machinery industry has developed rapidly.Next, lets learn about the printing machinery with Xiaobian.
What are the printing equipment
1. According to the layout type: convex printing, flat version printing machine, concave printing machine, hole version printing machine;
Second, according to the size of the paper: flat paper or single paper printing machine, roll paper printing machine;
Third, according to the printing color number: monochrome printing machine, two -color printing machine, multi -color printing machine;
4. According to the printing surface, it is divided into "eight open printing machines, four open printed machines, a printed machine, full printing machine, super full printing machine, etc.
5. Although there are many ways to classify the printing machine, the core part of the printing machine is the printing mechanism of the printing device. Therefore, according to the method of applying pressure, the printing machine is generally divided into a flat pressure flat type, a circular voltage type, and a circle.Three types of compression type.
Printing equipment maintenance common sense
The maintenance of the equipment is different from the maintenance of the equipment, and the content is different. The repair is mainly to find faults, eliminate the failure, repair and replace the damaged or worn and corrosion components, so that the equipment can operate normally.The repair of equipment is divided into electrical and mechanical parts.
①Sephability of electrical parts of maintenance
In the daily printing equipment repair work, the proportion of electrical parts is large. With the continuous development of printing technology equipment, the degree of automation control is getting higher and higher, and the control system is more complicated.Therefore, electrical maintenance personnel are required to have a higher level of technical skills and quality, and understand the principles and operations of computer.For printing and maintenance electrical personnel, pay attention to the following points in daily maintenance:
a) Read the electrical principles and related documents of the equipment carefully, and master the electrical principles and control system principles of the equipment from the principle.Clarify the position where the electrical components are located, the wiring, cloth tube situation and number, and direction.
b) For the faults of the machine and equipment, the part that may occur carefully may occur. Find components and lines that may cause faults according to the electrical schematic diagram, wiring diagram, etc., and exclude them one by one.
c) In electrical repair, you should first check the power supply voltage? Whether the current is normal, whether the pressure of the air pump meets the standard, whether the oil pressure of the lubricating system meets the standard, etc. If necessaryElectrical failure or protection.
d) The roll paper adhesive printer uses the PC to automatically control, which brings a lot of convenience to the detection of electrical failures.Generally, there is a luminous diode in the control cabinet as a fault prompt, and the part where the failure can be found according to the prompts.In more advanced devices, you can first find prompts on the console display, or use a laptop to talk to industrial computer in the control cabinet to find the system and part of the failure, and then exclude them one by one.
e) The electrical failure that is often encountered can be summarized as: the fuse is damaged, the contactor and relay contacts are damaged, the wiring is loose, the contact is poor, the buttons, the limit switch fails, and the control switch is not reset to a certain position in the security protection system.Tensor control systems, paper -breaking systems in the photovoltaic detection part of the optoelectronic valve, leakage of the solenoid valve, damage, etc.
f) The motor is the source of power in printing equipment. The following is a common failure of DC motors and AC motors, respectively.
DC electric operations often see two aspects: mechanical and electrical aspects.Mechanical failure is mainly manifested by bearing heating, motor vibration, the touch of the iron core and the stator core, and an abnormal noise.It is generally caused by the rotation of the system. When checking, use manual rotation of the system to observe whether the system is bumped with the stator. It is caused by the motor itself or the poor transmission device.The vibration possibility of motor balancing is less likely to be caused by the poor dynamic balance. It often causes vibration to cause poor concentricity of the transmission device. After this phenomenon, it is easy to cause damage to the motor bearing after the occurrence.
The most common electrical failure of the DC motor is the spark between the brush and the directioner. When running normally, the spark between the brush and the directioner is light orchid, which is weak and fine. The contact surface of the brush is smooth and bright.The surface of the directioner will form a layer of red -brown oxide film.When the motor is abnormal, the spark size and color will change. When the failure is slight, the spark is yellow and red, which is brighter.If the spark is severe, it will spray a large number of red and green Mars, mixed with flash fire, and it will also be accompanied by a quack sound. If it is not shut down in time, it will soon burn the directioner and brush and brush seat.When the position of the brush deviates from the geometric center line, there may be severe sparks in the internal roads of the system of the system.In addition, the brush card number is not conforming to the performance, the brush pressure is too large, too small, the brush is not grinding well, and the contact area is too small, which will cause failure.
The mechanical failure of AC three -phase asynchronous motor is basically the same as the DC motor.Here we make a brief introduction to the common electrical failure. First, a single -phase operation failure, that is, there is a phase winding in the three -phase winding of the motor. At this timeBurned due to severe thermal heat; the second is that the motor is severely fever and even a odor. This failure may be caused by too heavy loads, or it may be caused by too low power voltage and too high.
② Commonly maintenance of mechanical parts
Mechanical failure can generally be divided into two types: accidental failure and natural failure. The accident failure is caused by improper maintenance or adjustment, and violations of operating procedures. It should be avoided as much as possible.Although the natural failure is difficult to avoid, it can extend the effective working time of machinery by improving the level of use and maintenance.
There are three main forms of mechanical parts: break, deformation, and surface failure. The following introduces the wear, deformation, cleaning method and folding and unloading of printing mechanical parts.
a) wear of printing mechanical parts
During the working process, if the surface of the relative motion parts occurs, the shape and changes in the surface quality are called wear.
The main reason for the wear of parts is friction and molecular gravitation.The wear can be divided into abrasive wear, mechanical friction wear and adhesion.The reasons that affect mechanical parts wear are generally: speed, pressure, lubrication, temperature, material, processing and cooperation, etc.
b) Deformation of printing mechanical parts
During the maintenance process, wear is one of the main factors of mechanical damage, but the trace deformation of the parts is easy to be ignored. After assembling the repaired wear parts, the technical performance of the machine does not meet the requirements.This is related to metal deformation.In actual production, the deformation of basic parts should be paid special attention to, because if the basic parts produce deformation, it will affect the interrelationship between all parts assembled on this basic parts and mechanical performance of the mechanism.Therefore, in the process of parts repair, it is necessary to check both the wear of the facial wear and the accuracy of the parts (especially the basic parts)? For the mechanical deformation of the first large repairs, we must pay attention to it under the internal stress.Whether it is deformed after 12 to 20 months.For hot processing parts, there should be corresponding measures to remove the internal stress.
③ Disassembling and assembly of printing machinery
Machine repair personnel must face the problem of disassembly and assembly on printing machinery, especially assembly, which will directly affect the quality of the mechanical performance. The quality of the assembly is not high, which will cause serious wear of the mechanical.
a) Mechanical disassembly
Because there are many types of printing machinery and different shapes of parts, it is difficult to describe them one by one.Here is a general disassembly principle.First of all, before disassembly, we must understand the structure, role and principles of mechanical machinery, and first check the relevant technical information and instructions.Starting from the actual situation, the disassembly part should be determined that the part that does not disassembles should not be disassembled, but for the non -disassembly part, it must be inspected as a whole to ensure the quality.
Secondly, during the disassembly process, disassembly should be used in order and inside, first disassembling external attachments, oil pipes, etc., and then disassembling the order of the parts and parts in advance.List the number, do not stacked messy.It is also important to use tools reasonably during disassembly, and the tool must be compatible with the disassembly parts.If you need to use a suitable wrench to disassemble the snail connector, use special tools to disassemble the static mating, and do not hammer or pry up.In addition, when disassembling, it should create conditions for assembly. For non -replaceable parts, it should also be marked or placed in pairs during disassembly to reset during assembly. This can ensure the assembly accuracy and reduce unnecessary wear.
b) Mechanical assembly
When assembly, the accuracy and size accuracy must be ensured. In order to ensure the accuracy of the coordination, the option method, repair and adjustment method can be adopted during assembly.The size accuracy mainly refers to the degree of errors in each part of the assembly in the assembly, that is, in the assembly, pay attention to eliminating cumulative errors and avoid adverse effects on the machine due to cumulative errors.
The seal in the assembly is also very important. In the printing machine, the seal is mainly used in the air pump, gearbox and other parts. When the seal fails, the phenomenon of leakage and oil leakage will occur.Therefore, the sealing materials selected in the repair should be appropriate, the assembly should be reasonable, and the liquid sealing glue should be used for static sealing. According to the different nature of the nature, the dry adhesion type, dry peeling, non -dry viscosity type should be adopted respectively.And semi -dry viscosity and other varieties.
The preparation before assembly must not be ignored. The content includes inspection before assembly, cleaning and assembly of components during assembly.Finally, the trial movement after assembly is that the role is two, one is to check the quality of the assembly; the other is to adjust the machinery.
c) Cleaning of mechanical parts
The cleaning of mechanical parts is a link that can not be lacking in machine repair. The cleaning content is mainly oil removal and rust removal.The method of removing oil cleaning mainly includes three types: alkaline solution oil removal method, organic solvent removal method, and metal cleaning.The alkali solution mentioned here is mainly an alkali solution of an emulsifier, which has a good effect on cleaning mineral oil.The so -called machine solvents generally refer to gasoline, kerosene, etc. It can dissolve various oils without damaging parts. In addition to gasoline and kerosene, they can use alcohol, acetone, etc.Organic solvents.Metal cleaning is a new type of synthetic detergent. Due to the reduction of the interface tension of the base surface, it produces a variety of functions such as moist, penetration, emulsification, and dispersion, which makes it have a strong decontamination ability.Using this cleaning agent is non -toxic, non -corrosive, non -burning, no explosion, no pollution, and a certain rust -proof ability, the cost is also low, and it has been widely used.
Rust -removing cleaning methods are mainly mechanical and chemical methods.The mechanical rust removal is generally carried out with steel wire brush, scraper, sand cloth, etc., and sometimes it can also be carried out with electric sand wheels and steel wire wheels.The mechanical method is easy to leave scratches on the surface of the working surface, and it is advisable to use rust removal for the surface of the unimportant parts.Chemical method is generally used to remove alkaline metal oxides with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphate. The method is simple and the rust removal effect is good.When using this method to remove rust, master the concentration ratio of the solvent.
Maintenance of printing equipment
Generally, it can be divided into four categories:
① Daily maintenance, also called routine maintenance, that is, cleaning, lubricating, tight and loose fasteners, check the integrity of parts and components.
② First -level maintenance, regular inspections on equipment: cleaning the moisturizing system water bucket and water tank, tightening easy loose parts, inner and outer cleaning, transmission system, lubrication system, pneumatic system and pressure printingPartial equal.
③ Second -level maintenance, mainly cleaning the internal equipment (including water gum, ink gum) and lubrication. The disintegration inspection of key parts is targeted, and the machinery and equipment are adjusted (including horizontal equal) to replace the loss.
④ Three -level maintenance, disintegrate and adjust the main part of the equipment, including the cleaning, inspection technical status, replacement of lubricating oil, etc. of the motor;wait.Pay attention to the following points for air pumps and maintenance:
a) Clean the air pump inlet filter every week? Motor dissipate heat 扉 and air pump pressure regulating valve;
b) Cheer the bearings every three months;
c) Once a year (or 2500 hours), a large -scale maintenance is checked to check each major wear piece.

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