The insulator is a device that can tolerate voltage and mechanical stress between conductive or conductors or conductors and ground components of different potentials.There are many types of insulators and different shapes.Although the structure and shape of different types of insulation are large, they are composed of two parts: insulation parts and connecting gold gear.
Those categories of insulating sons
Suspended insulator
Widely used in the insulation and mechanical fixation of high -voltage overhead transmission lines and hair, and the soft bus of the substation.Among the suspended insulators, it can be divided into discospho -shaped insulators and stick -shaped suspended insulators.Dip -shaped suspended insulators are the most widely used insulators for transmission lines.Barlier suspended insulators have been adopted in Germany and other countries.
Pillar insulation
It is mainly used for the insulation and mechanical fixing of the bus and electrical equipment of the power plant and the substation.In addition, pillars are often used as part of electrical equipment such as isolation switch and circuit breakers.In the pillar insulator, it can be divided into a pillar pillar insulator and a stick -shaped pillar insulator.Needle pillar insulators are mostly used for low -voltage electricity lines and communication lines, and stick -shaped pillars are mostly used for high -voltage substation.
Porcelain
The insulation is an insulator made of electrician ceramics.Electrician ceramics are baked from quartz, long stone and clay as raw materials.The surface of the porcelain part of the porcelain insulation is usually covered with porcelain glaze to improve its mechanical strength, waterproof and infiltration, and increase the surface smoothness.Among all kinds of insulators, porcelain insulators are most commonly used.
Glass insulator
The insulation is an insulator made of glass.The surface is in a compressed prestress state. If cracks and electrical breakdown occur, glass insulators will break themselves into small pieces, commonly known as "self -explosion".This feature makes glass insulators not need "zero value" detection during operation.
Composite insulation
Also known as synthetic insulation.Its insulation is an insulator composed of glass fiber resin core rods (or core tube) and organic sheets and umbrella skirts.It is characterized by small size, light weight, high tensile strength, and excellent resistance to anti -foul flash, but anti -aging ability is not as good as porcelain and glass insulator.
Compound insulators include: stick -shaped suspended insulators, insulation, insulation, pillar insulator and hollow insulator (that is, composite sleeve).The composite sleeve can replace porcelain sleeves used in a variety of electric equipment, such as transformers, minefarers, circuit breakers, capacitive sleeves and cable terminals.Compared with porcelain sleeves, in addition to the advantages of high mechanical strength, light weight, and small size tolerance, it can also avoid damage caused by bursting.
Low -voltage insulators and high -pressure insulators
Low -voltage insulators refer to insulators used in low -voltage distribution lines and communication lines.High -voltage insulators refer to insulators for high -voltage, ultra -high -voltage overhead transmission lines and substations.In order to meet the needs of different voltage levels, different numbers of the same type (pieces) insulators are usually used to form insulators or multiple insulation pillars.
Dirt -resistant insulator
It is mainly to adopt measures to increase or increase the insulator umbrella skirt or umbrella edges to increase the climbing distance of the insulator to improve the electrical strength in the insulators filth.At the same time, the structure shape of the umbrella skirt is also adopted to reduce the natural accumulation of the surface to improve the anti -pollution flash performance of the insulator.The climbing distance of dirt -resistant insulators is generally increased by 20%to 30%, or even more than ordinary insulators.
The regional habits of China Power Grid Flash Fighting are used to use double -layer umbrella structure -shaped dirt -resistant insulator. This kind of insulator has strong self -cleaning ability and easy to clean artificially.
DC insulation
Mainly refers to a disc -shaped insulator used in DC transmission.DC insulators generally have a longer climbing distance than AC -resistant insulators. Its insulation has a higher body resistance (not less than 10Ω · m at 50 ° C).Electric (such as zinc sleeve, zinc ring).
Type A insulator and type B insulator
Type A is a non -breakdown type insulator. The distance between the dry flash is not much than 3 times the distance between the dried penetration (pouring resin) or 2 times (other materials): Type B can penetrate the type insulator, its breakdown distanceLess than 1/3 (pouring resin) or 1/2 (other materials) at the distance of the dry flash.The insulators dry flashing distance refers to the shortest distance of air through the air on the outer surface of the insulation; the breakdown distance refers to the shortest distance in the insulated material.
How to maintain management
In the condition of humid weather, the dirty insulators are prone to light discharge, so they must be cleaned and restore the original insulation level.Generally one year
Clean once, and clean the dirty area twice a year (once before the fog season).
1. Power out of power
The power outage and cleaning is to wipe the workers boarding rods with a rag after the power outage.If it is not cleaned, you can use a wet cloth or scrub it with a detergent. If you are not washed, you should replace the insulator or replace the synthetic insulator.
2. Sweeping non -stop power
Generally, the insulating rod with a brush or tied cotton yarn is used to wipe the extent on the running line.The electrical performance and effective length of the insulating rod, and the distance between the person and the charging part should meet the corresponding voltage levels, and a special person must be monitored during operation.
3. Rinse with electric water
There are two methods of large water rinse and small water.The effective length of water, the effective length of the operating rod, and the distance between the person and the charging department must meet the requirements of the industry regulations.

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