Car lubricating oil is like human blood. It can lubricate and clean the engine, take away the mud, can also reduce the temperature and wear of the engine, extend the service life, and also prevent the cylinder from rusting and corrosion and sealing.So we must choose the appropriate lubricant and use it correctly.Before using the lubricant correctly, we must also understand the main ingredients of lubricating oil and the role of lubricating oil. Lets take a look today.
The main component of lubricating oil
Lubricating oil is generally composed of two parts: basic oil and additive.
1. Basic oil lubricating oil
Basic lubricating oil basic oils are mainly divided into two categories: mineral basic oil and synthetic basic oil.Mineral base oil is widely used and the amount is large (about 95%), but some applications must use products prepared by synthetic basic oil, so the synthetic basic oil is developed rapidly.Mineral oil basic oil is refined from crude oil.The main production process of lubricating oil basic oils include: constant pressure distillation, solvents, solvents, solvent refinement, solvents dehydration, white soil or hydrogen supplement refinement.In 1995, the current basic oil standards of lubricating oil in my country were revised, and the classification methods were mainly modified, and two types of special basic oil standards: low -counter and deep refinement were added.The most important thing for the production of mineral lubricating oil is the best crude oil.Mineral basic oil chemical components include high boiling points, high molecular measuring hydrocarbons and non -hydrocarbon mixtures.组成一般为烷烃（直链、支链、多支链）、环烷烃（单环、双环、多环）、芳烃（单环芳烃、多环芳烃）、环烷基芳烃以及含氧、含氮、Contains sulfur organic compounds and non -hydrocarbon compounds such as glue and asphalt.
2. Additive
The additive is the essence of modern high -grade lubricants. The correct selection of reasonable joining can improve its physical chemical properties, give new special properties to lubricating oil, or strengthen some of its original performance to meet higher requirements.According to the quality and performance required by lubricating oil, carefully select the additive, carefully balance, and make reasonable allocation is the key to ensuring the quality of lubricating oil.Generally commonly used additives are: viscosity index improvement agents, dumping dumping agent, antioxidant, clean dispersant, friction mitigator, oil -based agent, anti -foam agent, metal passivation agent, emulsifier, anti -corrosion agent, preventionRust agent, breaking emulsifier, antioxidant and anti -corrosion.
The role of lubricating oil
1. Between the lubrication, the piston and the cylinder, there is a rapid relatively sliding between the spindle and the axis tile. To prevent the parts from being worn too fast, the oil film is required between the two sliding surfaces.The oil membrane with enough thickness separates the surface of the relatively sliding parts to achieve the purpose of reducing wear.
2. Cooling and cooling motor oil can bring the heat back to the oil tank and then distribute it to the air to help the water tank cool the engine.
3. Clean and clean motor oil can bring carbides, mud, and wear metal particles on the engine parts to bring back the fuel tank through the circulation of the metal particles. Through the flow of lubricating oil, the dirt generated on the part of the parts was washed.
4. Sealing leak -proof oil can form a sealing ring between the piston ring and the piston to reduce the leakage of the gas and prevent pollutants from entering.
5. Anti -rust and corrosion -proof lubricant can inhale the contact between water, air, acidic substances and harmful gases on the surface of the parts.
6. The pressure of shock absorption buffer rose sharply when the pressure of the engine air cylinder mouth suddenly increased the load on the piston, piston dandruff, connecting rods and crankshaft bearings. This load passed by the bearing to lubricate, making the impact load be buffer.
How to choose lubricating oil
1. Type
The stability of the synthetic engine oil is good, the liquidity is good, and the oil exchange cycle is long, which can be protected to the greatest extent, so it is basically suitable for most models.However, because the price of full synthetic motor oil is generally high, small cars with small engines in the industry are more inclined to semi -synthetic or mineral oil for economic considerations.In addition, the grade of oil products can only be improved and cannot be reduced.For example, semi -synthetic oil can be replaced with synthetic motor oil, and the synthetic motor oil cannot be replaced with semi -synthetic oil.
2. Mileage
If you care more about the price, and there are more mileage, the oil changes are more frequent, and the use of mineral oil and partial synthetic oil is okay, but if you drive very little, you can change it once a year. It is recommended to use it.Synthetic oil.As for the level of viscosity, for example, some European and Japanese manufacturers, in recent years, for the consideration of environmental protection and fuel-saving, it is recommended to use low viscosity oil such as 5W-20. You only need to follow the manufacturers recommendation.
3. viscosity
The first is to recommend the specifications recommended by the vehicle manufacturer, but note that the guidance of the organic oil viscosity of the car manufacturer is only for the consideration of the average value. You can refer to the car environment for the car environment.For example, the environment is colder than most places, or the engine load is higher than most vehicles. The smaller the number in front of W, the larger the value of the small horizontal bar (if it is recommended that SAE 5W-30, you can consider 0w than the cold environment.-30 or 5W-40 in a hot environment).
4. Car age
For old cars with a mileage of more than 10 years and a mileage of more than 200,000 or even 300,000 kilometers, you can consider using high-viscosity oils such as 15W-40 and 15W-50. The advantage of this kind of oil is that it will be better.It is easier to keep oil pressure and reduce oil consumption. Most of these oils are mineral oil.If the old car uses low -viscosity oil, it may cause insufficient oil pressure, which cannot meet the lubrication needs of the engine, exacerbate wear, harmful and unprofitable.
5. Brand and price
Of course, brands and value have always been an important attribute of goods.The lubricating oil market is mixed. Generally, it is difficult to distinguish the quality of engine oil by appearance, and the principle of "one penny and one penny" and "brand representative quality" are also applicable to motor oil.However, note that the choice of motor oil cannot be blindly or expensive, and the suitable, suitable for you can bear the best.Of course, for basic oil, it must be better than minerals.

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