Stress is the force of the unit area, and the strain is the degree of material deformation.When selecting fasteners, make sure that its materials do not permanent deformation or break under the expected stress.Common surface treatment methods include electroplariding, hot -dip galvanized, Daklo coating, etc.Considering the influence of the self -weight and external environment of the building, it is usually selected to choose high -strength carbon steel or stainless steel fasteners, and heat -dip galvanized treatment is performed to improve corrosion resistance.At the same time, use anti -loose nuts or spring cushions to prevent loosening.Whether it is architecture, machinery, or electronic assembly, the correct selection and use of fasteners are the key to success.
In the field of engineering and manufacturing, fasteners are indispensable basic components.Whether it is architecture, machinery and equipment, or electronic assembly, the choice of fasteners directly affects the quality and safety of the project.
This article will in -depth discussion of science and art of fastestware selection from two aspects: theoretical and practical aspects.
1. Theoretical basis
Load analysis
The choice of fasteners must first consider the type and size of the load that they need to bear.The load is divided into static loads and dynamic loads.Static load refers to the long -term unchanged pressure, such as the self -weight of the building; the dynamic load refers to the force of change, such as vibration and impact during mechanical operation.
Stress and strain
The fastener will generate stress and response when the load is affected.Stress is the force of the unit area, and the strain is the degree of material deformation.When selecting fasteners, make sure that its materials do not permanent deformation or break under the expected stress.
material science
The fasteners of different materials have different performance characteristics.Carbon steel has the advantages of high strength and low cost, but the corrosion resistance is poor; stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance, but the cost is high; alloy steel has high strength and is suitable for a high stress environment.
Thread theory
The thread is an important part of the fastener, and its shape and size directly affect the connection performance of the fastener.Common thread forms include public threads, US -made threads, etc. When choosing, consider the diameter, thread distance and thread angle of the thread.
2. Practical application
envirnmental factor
The environment where the fastener is located directly affects its choice.The fastening parts in the outdoor environment need to be considered the problem of corrosion corrosion. You can choose stainless steel or perform surface treatment such as hot -dip galvanizing.In high temperature environment, you need to choose materials with heat resistance.
Connection method
Select the appropriate fastener type according to the connection method.Bolt and nuts are suitable for occasions that require high -intensity connections; screws are suitable for connections of wood, plastic and other materials; rivets are used for permanent connection, such as aircraft and cars manufacturing.
Size and specifications
The size and specifications of fasteners need to be determined according to the specific application.Consider parameters such as thread diameter, length, head shape.The appropriate size can not only ensure the firmness of the connection, but also easy to install and disassemble.
Surface treatment
In order to improve the corrosion resistance and aesthetics of the fastener, surface treatment can be performed.Common surface treatment methods include electroplariding, hot -dip galvanized, Daklo coating, etc.When choosing, you need to be determined according to environmental conditions and budgets.
3. Case analysis
Construction project
In construction engineering, fasteners are mainly used for the connection of steel structure.Considering the influence of the self -weight and external environment of the building, high -strength carbon steel or stainless steel fasteners are usually selected, and galvanized treatment of heat -soaking is usually selected to improve corrosion resistance.
Machine made
The fasteners in mechanical equipment need to be vibrated and impact, and their anti -fatigue performance should be considered when choosing.Alloy steel fasteners are often used in mechanical manufacturing due to their high strength and abrasion resistance.At the same time, use anti -loose nuts or spring cushions to prevent loosening.
Electronic assembly
In electronic equipment assembly, fasteners must not only be firm, but also beautiful.Plastic and nylon fasteners are often used in electronic assembly due to light weight and corrosion resistance.In addition, surface treatment, such as oxidation treatment, can improve the wear resistance and aesthetics of fasteners.
The choice of fastening parts is a complicated and vital process, and it is necessary to consider many factors in comprehensive consideration.Theoretically, it is necessary to understand the type of load, stress response, material science, and thread theory; in practice, selection is needed according to environmental factors, connection methods, size specifications, and surface treatment.Only under the combination of theory and practice can the most suitable fastener be selected to ensure the quality and safety of engineering projects.Whether it is architecture, machinery, or electronic assembly, the correct selection and use of fasteners are the key to success.

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