The speaker refers to a device that can convert audio signals into sound.In laymans terms, it refers to the self -containing power amplifier in the body of the speaker box or the subwoofer box. After the audio signal is enlarged, the speaker itself will release the sound to make its sound lighter.The speaker is the terminal of the entire audio system. Its role is to convert audio energy into corresponding sound energy and radiate it to space.It is an extremely important part of the audio system, and is responsible for the task of transforming the electrical signal into a sound signal for people to listen directly.
Speaker classification characteristics introduction
Divide according to use
It is divided into two categories: professional speakers and home speakers.
Home speakers are generally used in family sounds. The characteristics are delicate and soft, exquisite and beautiful appearance, not too high, and the power of the sound of sound is relatively small.Professional speakers are generally used in professional entertainment venues such as song and dance halls, karaoke, theater, halls and stadiums.Generally, professional speakers have high sensitivity, high sound pressure, good strength, and high power. Compared with home speakers, their sound quality is hard and the appearance is not delicate.However, the monitoring speakers in professional speakers are closer to home speakers, and the appearance is generally more exquisite and small. Therefore, such monitoring speakers are often used by the home Hi-Fi audio system.
Press the audio degree to divide
It can be divided into full -frequency speakers, bass speakers and ultra -bass speakers.
The so -called full -band speaker refers to sound that can cover low -frequency, intermediate frequency, and high -frequency range.The lower limit frequency of the full-band speaker is generally 30Hz-60Hz, and the upper limit frequency is 15kHz-20kHz.Only one pair or two pairs of full -frequency speakers can be fully responsible for the sound release mission in general small and medium -sized audio systems.Bass speakers and ultra -bass speakers are generally used to supplement the low -frequency and ultra -low -frequency sound speakers of full -frequency speakers.Such speakers are generally used in large and medium -sized audio systems to strengthen the strength and shock of low -frequency sound release.When used, most of the electronic frequency divisor (split) divide the frequency, send the low -frequency signal into a special bass amplifier, and then promote the bass or ultra -bass speaker.
Divide
Generally, it can be divided into the main voice -over speaker. Surveillance speakers and return speakers.
The main audio speaker is generally used as the main speaker of the audio system, and the main audio task is undertaken.The performance of the main audio speaker has a great impact on the sound quality of the entire audio system. You can also use a full -frequency speaker and ultra -subwoofer to combine sound release.
The monitoring speakers are used in the control room and the recording studio for program monitoring. It has small distortion, wide frequent and straight, and rarely modified signals. Therefore, it can truly reproduce the original appearance of the program.Listening speakers, also known as stage monitoring speakers, are generally used on the stage or singing hall for actors or band members to monitor their singing or playing sounds.This is because they are behind the main sound speakers on the stage. They cannot hear their sounds or band performances, so they cannot cooperate well or not to find them, which seriously affects the performance effect.Generally, the speakers are made into a diagonal shape and placed on the ground.How to scream.
Press the box structure to divide
It can be divided into seal speakers, inverted aspect speakers, maze speakers, sound wave tube speakers, and multi -cavity resonance speakers.
Among them, the most used in professional speakers is the inverted and aspiration speakers. It is characterized by frequency ringing, high efficiency, and large sound pressure. It is in line with the professional audio system speaker type. However, because of its low efficiency, there are fewer in professional speakers.Application is mainly used for home speakers. Only a few monitoring speakers adopt a closed box structure.The sealing speakers have the advantages of simple design and production debugging, wide frequency, and good low -frequency transient characteristics, but have higher requirements for the speaker unit.In various speakers, the inverted and sealing speakers account for most proportions. There are many structures of other types of speakers, but the proportion is very small.
1. The closed speaker (Closed Enclosure) is the simplest speaker system with the structure. 1923 is proposed by Frederick, which is composed of a speaker unit in a full -seal box.It can completely isolate the front -directional radiation sound waves and back -to -radiation sound waves of the speaker. However, due to the presence of a closed box, the rigidity of resonance of the speaker movement has increased, which increases the minimum resonance frequency of the speaker.The sound of the closed speakers is good, and the bass analysis is good. When using the ordinary hard folding ring speaker, in order to obtain a satisfactory bass replay, large volume of large boxes are needed. Most of the new closed speakers are appropriate.Sonic speaker.Using the elastic effect of the compressed air quality in the box, although the speaker is installed in a smaller box, the air cushion behind the cone pot will give the cone basin a reactionary power, so this small closed speaker is also called the air cushion -type speakerEssence
2. Bass-Reflex Enclosure, also known as an Acoustic Phase Inverter, was invented by Thuras in 1930.In its load, there is an open hole on a panel of the box. There are many types and shapes in the open hole, but most of them are also equipped with acoustic pipes in the holes.The relationship between the content accumulation of the box and the vocal pipe pipe hole is based on the principle of resonance, and resonance is generated at a specific frequency, which is called the vibration frequency.After the speaker is turned towards the radiating sound waves, it radiates from the sound port to the front, and is superimposed with the front -to -radiation sound wave with the speaker.distortion.Ideally, the lower limit of the low frequency heavy release rate can be 20%lower than the resonance frequency of the speaker.This speaker can release a rich bass with smaller boxes, which is the most widely used type.
3. Acoustic Residentance Enclosure is essentially a deformation of an inverted phase speaker. It is filled with sound -absorbing materials or structurally in the audible mouth catheter as a semi -dense closure control to control the reverse phase to make it buffer, To reduce the vibration frequency to show the wide bass reunification band.
4. LABYRINTH Enclosure is named after the transmission line of classical electrical theory. Behind the speaker is equipped with acoustic pipes made of sound -absorbing wall boards. The length is 1/4 or 1 of the low -frequency sound wavelength required to increase the low frequency sound wavelength./8.Theoretically, its attenuation from the sound waves from the back of the cone pot to prevent it from reflecting to the opening end and affecting the sound radiation of the subwoofer. In fact, the transmission line speaker has a mild damping and tuning effect, which increases the speaker near or below the resonance frequency or below.Sound output and reduce the schedule while enhancing the bass output.Generally, the acoustic pipes of this speaker are mostly a maze -shaped, so they are also called maze or curved diameter.
5. Drone Cone Enclosure is a branch of a bass reflective speaker, also known as empty paper basin speaker. It was published by OLSON and Preston in the United States in 1954.The empty paper basin (passive cone basin) of the magnetic circuit and the audio coil is replaced. The radiation and the speaker of the passive cone potter are working in the same phase.The quality of the sound of sound and passive cone forms resonance to enhance the bass.The main advantage of this speaker is to avoid the unstable sound generated by reflecting the sound holes. Even if the volume is not large, it can get good sound radiation effects.Small, the sound is cold and transparent.
6. Coupling cavity speaker is a box structure between the closed and bass reflex. In 1953, Henry Lang in the United States was published.On the one hand, it is coupled with a closed box.The advantages of this speaker are greatly increased by the air volume driven by speakers during low frequency. Because the coupling cavity is a harmonious system, when the pellet movement is limited, the output of the sound port does not exceed the sound output of the individual cone pot, and the low frequency weight is widely displayed.The scope, so the distortion is reduced and the power is increased.In 1969, A · S. W (Acoustic Super Woofer) speakers published by Lo-D, Japans LO-D, were a coupling cavity speaker, which is suitable for a small-caliber long-range speaker without the reality of the bass.
7. Horn Type Enclosure (Horn Type Enclosure) For the home type, the folded horn is mostly used.The back of the back is completely sealed, and the pressure in the box is mostly on the back of the speakers cone.In order to keep the pressure of the cone basin, the pressure is kept balanced, and the pouring is installed in front of the speaker.The folding tube speaker is a derivative of the upside -down speaker. Its sound effect is better than a general bass reflective speaker with a closed speaker.
According to the number of speakers units, 2.0 speakers, 2.1 speakers, 5.1 speakers, etc.
Press the box material to be divided into wooden speakers, plastic speakers, metal material speakers, etc.
Speaker practical technique
Replacement bass
Removal bass is a very tricky thing. It has added a lot of trouble to the speaker designer and audio enthusiasts.But this is also a challenge. The potential returns have fully proved that it is worth it to improve the subwoofer.
The core of the problem is that the speaker is not running in an isolated environment, but many speaker designers and Hi-Fi audio enthusiasts often ignore this. Designers always use the help of the sound room to be isolated from the actual environment.product.Practice has proved that the sound quality of the speaker has a very closely interacting relationship between the sound quality and the actual listening room, and this relationship is particularly close in the family environment.Everyone knows that the frequency of human ear listening is about the lowest sound from 20Hz to 20000Hz, and its span is about 10 octa -degree sounds.central.Therefore, the subwoofer itself is almost limited to the lowest octa -degree sound (20Hz ~ 40Hz) and the second octa -level sound (40 ~ 80Hz) range above, although simple low frequencies are indispensable in ordinary voice.But it plays a very important role in creating musics authenticity and strength.
If you do not use ultra -bass speakers and rely on ordinary speakers to create a bass, this speaker is not only large in size, but also consumes very power.The ultra -subwoofer has a small volume, not noticeable in the room, and has many advantages in the box with its own amplifier and filter, so it has no additional requirements for the system.In the system, there are ultra -bass speakers specializing in bass, and other channels can use smaller speakers. The configuration and use of the entire system are more flexible and convenient.Generally speaking, it is necessary to use a large volume of speakers, but as long as a pair of ordinary small speakers are placed on the wall, it is enough to expand the loading sound to the heavy bass range.Part of the reason is that placed on the wall helps to increase the bass of 50Hz ~ 100Hz, and the other reason is that the "resident resonance" caused by the shape and size of the room provides "room gain effect".The common problem of most commercially available ultra -bass speakers is that the low -end rolling frequency cannot be extended to less than 50Hz. Its frequency response cannot reach the ideal match with the ordinary speakers of other channels, and some of their frequency response often constitute a harmful overlap phenomenon.Essence
Influence
Each room, whether it is a concert hall or an ordinary familys living room, there is a phenomenon in waves. It is the main source of the subwoofers problem.The frequency of the resident wave is closely related to the size of the room.In the concert hall with a large indoor space, the frequencies in waves occur in the strongest bass and second sound areas, which is lower than the minimum frequency of the low music instrument, so it will not cause adverse effects on the subwoofer.However, in the small room of ordinary families, because the size and space of the room are small, the frequency of the resident wave will be higher and enter the bass area of ??the music, and it overlaps with the latter to worse the sound quality.While providing a "room gain", the resident wave will also make the frequency response of the subwoofer very uneven, that is, it will increase the response of certain frequency and offset the response of other frequencies.In addition, different rooms have different resident modes, and it is related to many factors such as wall materials, furniture furnishings, listening positions and speakers in the room, and it is difficult to accurately predict it.
Create a subwoofer in the room
Everyone knows that in order to make the speaker make a sound, you must use the vibration of the sound basin to move the air molecules, which arouses the sound waves with the same frequency as the sound basin vibration in the air.Due to the long wavelength of the bass and the vibration area of ??the bass speaker sound basin, it is necessary to produce a strong bass indoors, and the sound basin must move a large amount of air molecules at the unit time.To achieve this, ultra -subwoofer speakers usually use large vibration membranes, small punching pins or small vibration membranes, and large -scale sound basins.The latters sound basin has a small caliber, which is conducive to reducing the volume of the entire bass speaker, and has the advantages of high power and high loudness, which has become the mainstream of modern ultra -bass speakers.
However, put the ultra -bass speaker in a huge speaker, although you can reproduce some shocking explosive sounds and landslide sound effects such as some shocking explosions in the movie, but when listening to music, you can replace a lot of high highs.The intensity bass can make people feel unpleasant.In addition, research and practical results have proven that the loudness of the ultra -subwoofer is greater than that of other speakers in the system.These are the reason why the volume of modern ultra -bass speakers is small.
Platter and connection
The variability and unpredictability of indoor waves in the interior waves have no way to tolerate them.Although some computer software provides some interesting methods to control the resident waves, it cannot completely solve the problem of resident waves.Fortunately, the wavelength of the bass is much larger than the size of the ordinary room, and the bass is actually without direction.Using this feature, general users only need to use separate ultra -bass speakers to get almost infinite freedom to test the best placement of bass speakers in the room.Although it is not as important as the main speaker, different positions still have different sound effects.Here are three ways of swinging the three ultra -subwoofer. They each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Readers can choose according to the experimental results.
Place the ultra -subwoofer at the corner.This method helps to avoid indoor sound reflexes, making the sound of the replacement more powerful and vivid.But at this time, the indoor mode is more motivated, which will make the bass response not flat enough.Because the super bass box in the entire system is the farthest from the listening position, the bass heard will be slightly delayed than the sound of the main speaker.When placing, the ultra -bass box should keep at least 10cm distance from the wall.
Place the ultra -bass speaker with the main speaker on the same line.At this time, the distance between the super bass speaker and the main speaker and the listening position is equal, so the direct sound from the three speakers is almost at the same time to reach the ear of the listener at the same time, and there will be no time difference.The disadvantage of this position is that the indoor reflection sound is increased, and these delayed reflex sounds will reduce the resolution of the replaceable sound.
Place the ultra -subwoofer near the listening area.This method is worth trying, especially for some rooms that are difficult to get the best audio effect, because it minimizes the degree of incentives of the indoor mode, and it also greatly shortens the transmission path and bass to the listeners ears of the direct sound.The time, but also makes the indoor reflex sound more mixed.
Another less scientific method is to place the ultra -bass speaker on the seats that usually listen to and let it play music, and then slowly move around it and listen carefully at the same time until the bass sound quality is the most.A little bit.This point is the best place for placing ultra -bass speakers, and finally placed it there.
In addition to the two sets of high levels (speakers) output terminals with two sets of high levels (speakers) output terminals connected to the left and right channel speakers, they also have a low level (line level) output terminal, a source ultra -bass speakerThere is a corresponding input terminal.In order to make the system have the best audio effect when playing music and movie shows, in addition to the two sets of speaker levels of the super bass speakers received the corresponding output terminals of the AV amplifier, the line levels of the two should also be onThe terminal is also connected correspondingly.The advantage of this connection is that when the system plays dual -channel stereo music and 5.1 -channel movies, the bass can effectively enhance.

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